The simple answer is NO - provided that you have your privacy setting at " Site Members" (recommended), then only people logged into the site can access your profile and there are privacy settings available to site members allowing you to control who sees what.
To access these settings navigate to your profile and on the bar with the house symbol on the left click on profile and select privacy from the drop down menu, you will then have access to your privacy permissions.
You can also set privacy options for what fields in your profile you want others to see - your whole Profile:-
Or individual fields within your profile:-
Please bear in mind, though, due to the limitations of the site software, that if you submit an article and you have your full name in the "name" field of your profile, the article will be published with your name as author - therefore recommend that you use only your first name or a pseudonym when joining or updating your profile. Usually though one of our editors will change the name displayed with the article to your username.
What many of us do is have our "name" and "username" the same therefore retaining our anonymity.